Hardware information
Like for every thing, there are plenty of commands to check information about the hardware of your linux system.
Some commands report only specific hardware components like cpu or memory while the rest cover multiple hardware units.
This post takes a quick look at some of the most commonly used commands to check information and configuration details about various hardware peripherals and devices.
The list includes lscpu, hwinfo, lshw, dmidecode, lspci etc.
1. lscpu
The lscpu command reports information about the cpu and processing units. It does not have any further options or functionality.
$ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 4 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 23 Stepping: 10 CPU MHz: 1998.000 BogoMIPS: 5302.48 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 2048K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
2. lshw - List Hardware
A general purpose utility, that reports detailed and brief information about multiple different hardware units such as cpu, memory, disk, usb controllers, network adapters etc. Lshw extracts the information from different /proc files.
$ sudo lshw -short
H/W path Device Class Description
===================================================
system ()
/0 bus DG35EC
/0/0 processor Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz
/0/0/1 memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/0/3 memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/2 memory 32KiB L1 cache
/0/4 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/14 memory 8GiB System Memory
/0/14/0 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/14/1 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/14/2 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/14/3 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
/0/100 bridge 82G35 Express DRAM Controller
/0/100/2 display 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/2.1 display 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/19 eth0 network 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection
/0/100/1a bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
/0/100/1a.1 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
/0/100/1a.7 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1b multimedia 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller
/0/100/1c bridge 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1
/0/100/1c.1 bridge 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2
/0/100/1c.2 bridge 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3
/0/100/1c.2/0 storage JMB368 IDE controller
/0/100/1d bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1d.1 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
/0/100/1d.2 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
/0/100/1d.7 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
/0/100/1e bridge 82801 PCI Bridge
/0/100/1e/5 bus FW322/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller
/0/100/1f bridge 82801HB/HR (ICH8/R) LPC Interface Controller
/0/100/1f.2 storage 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode]
/0/100/1f.3 bus 82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5 storage 82801HR/HO/HH (ICH8R/DO/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE m
/0/1 scsi3 storage
/0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sda disk 500GB ST3500418AS
/0/1/0.0.0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 70GiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/1/0.0.0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 395GiB Extended partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/5 /dev/sda5 volume 97GiB HPFS/NTFS partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/6 /dev/sda6 volume 97GiB Linux filesystem partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/7 /dev/sda7 volume 1952MiB Linux swap / Solaris partition
/0/1/0.0.0/2/8 /dev/sda8 volume 198GiB Linux filesystem partition
/0/3 scsi4 storage
/0/3/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DVD RW DRU-190A
Check out the following post to learn more about lshw
Get hardware information on Linux with lshw command3. hwinfo - Hardware Information
Hwinfo is another general purpose hardware probing utility that can report detailed and brief information about multiple different hardware components, and more than what lshw can report.
$ hwinfo --short
cpu:
Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz
Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2000 MHz
Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz
Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q8400 @ 2.66GHz, 2666 MHz
keyboard:
/dev/input/event2 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
mouse:
/dev/input/mice Microsoft Basic Optical Mouse v2.0
graphics card:
Intel 965G-1
Intel 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller
sound:
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller
storage:
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA IDE Controller
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) 2 port SATA IDE Controller
JMicron JMB368 IDE controller
network:
eth0 Intel 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection
network interface:
eth0 Ethernet network interface
lo Loopback network interface
disk:
/dev/sda ST3500418AS
partition:
/dev/sda1 Partition
/dev/sda2 Partition
/dev/sda5 Partition
/dev/sda6 Partition
/dev/sda7 Partition
/dev/sda8 Partition
cdrom:
/dev/sr0 SONY DVD RW DRU-190A
usb controller:
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3
Intel 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1
bios:
BIOS
... TRUNCATED ...
Check out our previous post on hwinfo
Check hardware information on Linux with hwinfo command
4. lspci - List PCI
The lspci command lists out all the pci buses and details about the devices connected to them.
The vga adapter, graphics card, network adapter, usb ports, sata controllers, etc all fall under this category.
$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express DRAM Controller (rev 03) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation 82G35 Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection (rev 02) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02) 00:1a.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 02) 00:1a.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02) 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 3 (rev 02) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02) 00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev f2) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801HB/HR (ICH8/R) LPC Interface Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HR/HO/HH (ICH8R/DO/DH) 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 02) 03:00.0 IDE interface: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB368 IDE controller 04:05.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): LSI Corporation FW322/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller (rev 70)
Filter out specific device information with grep.
$ lspci -v | grep "VGA" -A 12
5. lsscsi - List scsi devices
Lists out the scsi/sata devices like hard drives and optical drives.
$ lsscsi [3:0:0:0] disk ATA ST3500418AS CC38 /dev/sda [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd SONY DVD RW DRU-190A 1.63 /dev/sr0
6. lsusb - List usb buses and device details
This command shows the USB controllers and details about devices connected to them. By default brief information is printed. Use the verbose option "-v" to print detailed information about each usb port
$ lsusb Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 002: ID 045e:00cb Microsoft Corp. Basic Optical Mouse v2.0 Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
On the above system, 1 usb port is being used by the mouse.
7. Inxi
Inxi is a 10K line mega bash script that fetches hardware details from multiple different sources and commands on the system, and generates a beautiful looking report that non technical users can read easily.
$ inxi -Fx
8. lsblk - List block devices
List out information all block devices, which are the hard drive partitions and other storage devices like optical drives and flash drives
$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 70G 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 97.7G 0 part /media/4668484A68483B47 ├─sda6 8:6 0 97.7G 0 part / ├─sda7 8:7 0 1.9G 0 part [SWAP] └─sda8 8:8 0 198.5G 0 part /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
9. df - disk space of file systems
Reports various partitions, their mount points and the used and available space on each.
$ df -H Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 104G 26G 73G 26% / none 4.1k 0 4.1k 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 4.2G 4.1k 4.2G 1% /dev tmpfs 837M 1.6M 835M 1% /run none 5.3M 0 5.3M 0% /run/lock none 4.2G 13M 4.2G 1% /run/shm none 105M 21k 105M 1% /run/user /dev/sda8 210G 149G 51G 75% /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda5 105G 31G 75G 30% /media/4668484A68483B47
10. Pydf - Python df
An improved df version written in python, that displays colored output that looks better than df
$ pydf Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda6 96G 23G 68G 24.4 [#.....] / /dev/sda8 195G 138G 47G 70.6 [####..] /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 /dev/sda5 98G 28G 69G 29.2 [##....] /media/4668484A68483B47
11. fdisk
Fdisk is a utility to modify partitions on hard drives, and can be used to list out the partition information as well.
$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x30093008 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 146801969 73400953+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 146802031 976771071 414984520+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 146802033 351614654 102406311 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 351614718 556427339 102406311 83 Linux /dev/sda7 556429312 560427007 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda8 560429056 976771071 208171008 83 Linux
12. mount
The mount is used to mount/unmount and view mounted file systems.
$ mount | column -t /dev/sda6 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw) /dev/sda8 on /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1 type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,errors=remount-ro) /dev/sda5 on /media/4668484A68483B47 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) systemd on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,none,name=systemd) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=enlightened)
Again, use grep to filter out only those file systems that you want to see
$ mount | column -t | grep ext
13. free - Check RAM
Check the amount of used, free and total amount of RAM on system with the free command.
$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 7975 5865 2110 0 24 622
-/+ buffers/cache: 5218 2757
Swap: 1951 921 1030
14. dmidecode
The dmidecode command is different from all other commands. It extracts hardware information by reading data from the SMBOIS data structures (also called DMI tables).
# display information about the processor/cpu $ sudo dmidecode -t processor # memory/ram information $ sudo dmidecode -t memory # bios details $ sudo dmidecode -t bios
Check out the man page for more details.
15. /proc files
Many of the virtual files in the /proc directory contain information about hardware and configurations. Here are some of them
CPU/Memory information
# cpu information $ cat /proc/cpuinfo # memory information $ cat /proc/meminfo
Linux/kernel information
$ cat /proc/version Linux version 3.11.0-12-generic (buildd@allspice) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu7) ) #19-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 9 16:20:46 UTC 2013
SCSI/Sata devices
$ cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi3 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: ATA Model: ST3500418AS Rev: CC38 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi4 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: SONY Model: DVD RW DRU-190A Rev: 1.63 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05
Partitions
$ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 488386584 sda 8 1 73400953 sda1 8 2 1 sda2 8 5 102406311 sda5 8 6 102406311 sda6 8 7 1998848 sda7 8 8 208171008 sda8 11 0 1048575 sr0
16. hdparm
The hdparm command gets information about sata devices like hard disks.
$ sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Model=ST3500418AS, FwRev=CC38, SerialNo=9VMJXV1N
Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs RotSpdTol>.5% }
RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4
BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16
CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=976773168
IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
AdvancedPM=no WriteCache=enabled
Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-4,5,6,7
* signifies the current active mode
Summary
Each of the command has a slightly different method of extracting information, and you may need to try more than one of them, while looking for specific hardware details. However they are available across most linux distros, and can be easily installed from the default repositories.
On the desktop there are gui tools, for those who do not want to memorise and type commands. Hardinfo, I-nex are some of the popular ones that provide detailed information about multiple different hardware components.
Thank you very much these commands result very handy.
hi, is there a way to find out which software is installed in which drive?
i have an OS drive and a DB drive, but i am not sure in which drive it has been installed.
can someone please help?
Hi.
How i can check memory in CPU. Example OPT, Efuse
Thanks for this. I’m just getting going on a VPS and this helped me discover they’d not given me the extra 1Gb I ordered. Very well explained.
Super happy with
inxi -Fx
more accurate than some of the other utilities.. for instance hwinfo was inaccurate for my Lenovo
Thanks for the great post!
Thnaks dude
Thank you! Your descriptions were useful and well explained!
nice article
Thanks uncle…
thank you!
thanks bro! perfect article!
Easy way to collect outputs of all mentioned commands: https://hub.docker.com/r/linuxhw/hw-probe/
Nice try to collect hardware info of different people without any permission. Do not use this link info, guys.
If you are paranoid, try strict snap: https://snapcraft.io/hw-probe
You mean shitty way, that’s the correct title for your ugly child. Guys, please do not use this info, this guy wanna use your pc data without any permission.
I’ve checked, no meaningful data is collected.
Not a good idea to do this in shadow way style without any permission
Not true. It’s clearly stated in the title: “hw-probe — a tool to probe for hardware … and upload result to the Linux hardware database”. If you don’t want to contribute to the Linux database why you are specifying -upload option?
thanks a lot for sharing such useful commands to get the hardware details of ther server from os end.
Best compilation of this kind that I found!
Thank you very much.
Nice write-up. This is useful thanks for taking time to publish this.
You can also use smartctl to check your drives health =)
hi will inter perate infromation to accomplitimente
Nice job, very short and sweet!
Excellent! Thank you so much.
Amazing! Thank you very much!
hii sir i have dhought about
1. how to check the performance
2. how to assign swappiness
3.basic troubleshooting of desktop ststem
please drop answers sirr
i want to attend interview today sir plz i am requesting
These are not installed by default
apt-get install {applet} and done. ;)
really helpful guys…
This is helpful, Thank you.
nice. dmidecode was unknown to me
My prefered tool is dmidecode
Good details are provided. I wrote simple script to pull up the hardware details… anyone interested can use this script : http://simplylinuxfaq.blogspot.in/p/a-simple-script-to-gethardware-info.html
Thanks,
Mssm
That’s the best output I could have for memory, thanks for making this script public. Very useful.
Good script. thanx.
Domain change of my blog: https://www.simplylinuxfaq.com/p/how-to-find-hardware-details-in-linux.html
My domain got changed and here is the link to access hwlist package:
https://www.simplylinuxfaq.com/p/how-to-find-hardware-details-in-linux.html
Forgot this round of zypper dup’ing from openSUSE 13.1 – 13.2.. to backup the few data points this command-line challenged sod tries to maintain; i.e. .bash-history.. Thus appreciate such ‘commands for dummies’ collections such as this one.. THANKS!
Nice compilation. Thanks for sharing
I was not able to find lshw and hwinfo in centos (Linux version 2.6.32-431.20.3.e16.x86_64)
Good, but forgot about smartctl and lmsensors :)
I’ve found a package pcp-pmda-lmsensors on FedoraCore, but it contains no executable, so I don’t understand how to use that.
…and dmesg | grep (device classes)
Thanks for sharing mattias
Well, several but perhaps not most.
I doubt most of these are installed in RHEL cloud instances. Latest version of Ubuntu, perhaps. Am I wrong?
centos checking in. Yes, these are all there.
No they’re not
Perhaps all of these commands are in some version of CentOS, they are not all present in a default CentOS 7 cPanel build.