Here is a php array containing the language codes and language names as specified by the iso 639-1 standard. Useful when . <?php /** ISO 639-1 Language Codes Useful in Locale analysis References : 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes 2. http://blog.xoundboy.com/?p=235 */ $language_codes = array( 'en' => 'English' , 'aa' => 'Afar' , 'ab' => 'Abkhazian' , 'af'… Read More »
Imagick In a previous article we saw how to use to create a snapshot or thumbnail of the pdf. Now we are going to do the same in php using the Imagick class which provides the bindings for imagemagick library inside php. The library is available in the form of a class Imagick that does… Read More »
Imagemagick Imagemagick is a commandline program/utility that can be used to perform a variety of image manipulations. It supports most image formats. It also has programming apis for various languages like php, python etc making it easy to use as a library. Install Imagemagick on Ubuntu On ubuntu install it by typing the following in… Read More »
Curl According to the official website. curl is a command line tool for transferring data with URL syntax, supporting DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, Gopher, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMTP, SMTPS, Telnet and TFTP. curl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload,… Read More »
Most if not all adsense publishers are looking for ways to increase their ctr (click through rate) to increase their adsense earnings. Ctr is the percentage of clicks per 1000 impressions. In other words increasing ctr means to increase the number of clicks at the same level of traffic (visits or pageviews per day or… Read More »
Barcodes Barcodes are used in various business class applications to print information in encoded format such that it can be read later by barcode reading devices. Common places to see barcodes are product covers in shops, membership cards and documents like invoices etc. As php is now increasingly being used to develop such applications, barcodes… Read More »
NMAP – Network Mapper Nmap is the most popular (and most featureful) port scanning tool out there. And although it appears like a small port scanning utility, it has a lot of hidden potential to serve as a powerful hacking tool. This is precisely what we shall try to work out in this article. In… Read More »
Faster internet speed is what everyone wants, so here a few tips to increase the speed of your bsnl broadband internet. The results may vary and are not guaranteed to give consistent improvement. 1. Select the fastest dns server Select the fastest dns server for your computer. Common choices are open dns server, google dns… Read More »
A simple trick to increase the speed of your bsnl broadband is to use the fastest dns server available. Now most articles and tutorials talk about using opendns. However opendns may not be the fastest dns server. The dns server’s speed has to be found out by doing a simple ping test. Lets say we… Read More »
Tcpdump Tcpdump is a commandline network analyzer tool or more technically a packet sniffer. It can be thought of as the commandline version of wireshark (only to a certain extent, since wireshark is much more powerful and capable). As a commandline tool tcpdump is quite powerful for network analysis as filter expressions can be passed… Read More »
The standard telnet utilities that are present in linux or windows can connect to services running on TCP ports. They do not support udp ports. However the utility netcat can be used to connect and work with udp ports in the same way as the telnet command. The telnet command can connect to a host… Read More »
The speed of your internet browsing depends on the dns servers to a certain extent. Whenever a url is opened in the browser, the browser has to first perform a dns request to get the ip address of that particular url’s domain name. For example www.google.com. It is only after the ip address is found,… Read More »
Php is today the most widely used language/platform for development of web based applications and websites. At the same time it is the easiest to learn and use. There are lots of free tutorial websites out there that can be followed to learn php without much effort. Along with these tools having the right approach… Read More »
Whois The whois information of a domain name provides various details like registrar, owner, registration date, expiry date etc. The whois information is provided by the corresponding whois servers of the registrars. The information is available for free and most whois servers run a whois service on port 43 which provides whois data associated with… Read More »
UDP sockets UDP or user datagram protocol is an alternative protocol to its more common counterpart TCP. UDP like TCP is a protocol for packet transfer from 1 host to another, but has some important differences. UDP is a connection-less and non-stream oriented protocol. It means a UDP server just catches incoming packets from any… Read More »
Raw UDP sockets Raw udp sockets are used to constructed udp packets with a application defined custom header. It is useful in security related network applications. The udp header can be found in RFC 768 and has a very simple structure as shown below. 0 7 8 15 16 23 24 31 +——–+——–+——–+——–+ | Source… Read More »
Raw sockets Raw sockets allow a program or application to provide custom headers for the specific protocol(tcp ip) which are otherwise provided by the kernel/os network stack. In more simple terms its for adding custom headers instead of headers provided by the underlying operating system. Raw socket support is available natively in the socket api… Read More »
Syn Flood Syn flood program sends out a large number of syn packets to a destination host such that the destination host gets under heavy pressure to reply to all of them and hence consumes huge amount of memory/cpu resources without any real purpose. This causes the services of the remote host to become unavailable… Read More »
Syn flood and raw sockets A syn flood program sends out large number of tcp syn packets to a remote host on a particular port number. Syn packets are intended to initiate a tcp connection. However if a large number of syn packets are send without any purpose, then then it would consume a lot… Read More »
One common adsense optimisation technique is to block low paying ads. The adsense interface allows users to block whole categories of ads like travel&tourism, real estate, health etc. Although the google adsense does try its best to serve the most relevant ads for a website based on its topic, keyword and content but sometimes when… Read More »